Greenpeace Indonesia's Transnational Advocacy Network Strategy Regarding the Issue of Deforestation in Indonesia's Forests by Wilmar International
Strategi Jaringan Advokasi Transnasional Greenpeace Indonesia Terkait Isu Deforestasi Hutan Indonesia oleh Wilmar International
Abstract
Greenpeace Indonesia looking for Wilmar International as actor for making deforestation.. Greenpeace Indonesia pressured Wilmar International to commit to implementing their No Deforestation, No Peat, No Exploitation (NDPE) policy through the establishment of a transnational advocacy network to make enough power to put pressure on Wilmar International. Through this method, Greenpeace Indonesia succeeded in making Wilmar International pressured and changed its behavior. This research analyzes how Greenpeace Indonesia's strategy in forming transnational advocacy networks so that the network suppresses and monitors the behavior of target actor through the Keck & Sikkink Transnational Advocacy Network theory. Researchers used qualitative methods with a case study approach. Data collection comes from primary and secondary data and data collection through literature studies from books, journals and articles. The results of this study indicate that Greenpeace Indonesia is very optimal in carrying out Information Politics and Leverage Politics strategies. Greenpeace Indonesia has creative and confrontational methods in implementing the Symbolic Politics strategy. But the weakness of this strategy is that Greenpeace Indonesia seems to be exclusive in carrying out its actions by other environmental NGOs, especially domestic-based environmental NGOs. The weaknesses of these four strategies are Accountability Politics where Greenpeace Indonesia does not have the commitment of Wilmar International which has binding legal force.
Downloads
References
Ammurabi, S. D. (2019, September 5). Wajibkan Sertifikasi Kelapa Sawit, Uni Eropa Belum Akui ISPO. Retrieved from Gatra.com: https://www.gatra.com/detail/news/442628/ekonomi/wajibkan-sertifikasi-kelapa-sawit-uni-eropa-belum-akui-ispo
Austin, K. (2017). Shifting patterns of oil palm driven deforestation in Indonesia and implications for zero deforestation commitment. Land Use Policy Vol. 69, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.08.036
Austin, K. G. (2019). What Causes Deforestation in Indonesia? Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf6db
Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia. (2018). Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia 2017. Jakarta: CV. Dharmaputra.
BBC Indonesia. (2018, November 18). Protes Kelapa Sawit, Aktivis Greenpeace Ditahan Di Atas Kapal Tanker. Retrieved June 26, 2019, from BBC Indonesia: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-46252167
BBC Indonesia. (2019, March 23). Kelapa sawit, ancaman perang dagang RI-Uni Eropa dan enam hal lainnya. Retrieved June 25, 2019, from BBC Indonesia: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-47663602
Black, H. C. (1990). Black's Law Dictionary Centennial Sixth Edition. Minn: West Publishing Co.
Brown, E., & Jacobson, M. (2005). Cruel oil: how palm oil harms health, rainforest, and wildlife. Washington D.C: Center for Science in the Public Interest.
Cresswell, J. W. (2012). Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Mixed. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Daubach, T. (2018, July 5). Executives of palm oil giant Wilmar resign a week after Greenpeace report. Retrieved from Eco-Business: https://www.eco-business.com/news/executives-of-palm-oil-giant-wilmar-resign-a-week-after-greenpeace-report/
European Union. (2017, April 4). Palm Oil and Deforestation of Rainforests. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from European Parlement of European Union: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-8-2017-0066_EN.html
Fargione, J., J. Hill, D., Tilman, S., Polasky, & Hawthorne, P. (2008). Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt. Science 319 Issue 5867, 1235-1238. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152747
Friana, H. (2019, April 8). Protes Kebijakan RED II, Jokowi & Mahathir Kirim Surat Ke Uni Eropa. Retrieved from Tirto.id: https://tirto.id/protes-kebijakan-red-ii-jokowi-mahathir-kirim-surat-ke-uni-eropa-dlvn
Friman, H. (2015). The Politics of Leverage in International Relations. Milwaukee: Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137439338
General Mills, G. M. (2014, July). Statement on responsible palm oil sourcing. Retrieved June 21, 2019, from General Mills: https://www.generalmills.com/en/News/Issues/palm-oil-statement
Greenpeace European Unit, G. (2017, April 4). EU Must Stop Palm Oil Deforestation, Says European Parliament Palm Oil Industy Identified as Major Cause of Forest Destruction. Retrieved June 26, 2019, from Greenpeace European Union: https://www.greenpeace.org/archive-eu-unit/en/News/2017/EU-stop-palm-oil-deforestation-Parliament/
Greenpeace Indonesia. (2018, December 10). Terobosan baru Wilmar agar para perusak hutan tidak dapat bersembunyi . Retrieved January 5, 2019, from Greenpeace Indonesia: http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/id/press/releases/Terobosan-baru-Wilmar-agar-para-perusak-hutan-tidak-dapat-bersembunyi/
Greenpeace Indonesia. (2013). License To Kill. Greenpeace Indonesia.
Greenpeace Indonesia. (2015). Under Fire. Greenpeace Indonesia.
Greenpeace Indonesia. (2016). Deadly Trade-Off. Greenpeace Indonesia.
Greenpeace Indonesia. (2017). Dirty Bankers. Greenpeace Indonesia.
Greenpeace Indonesia. (2018). Final Countdown. Greenpeace Indonesia.
Greenpeace Indonesia. (2018). Moment of Truth. Greenpeace Indonesia.
Greenpeace Indonesia. (2018, June). Rogue Trader. Retrieved from Greenpeace Indonesia: https://issuu.com/greenpeaceinternational/docs/report_-_gp_ind_rogue_v6.1_pages
Gritten, D., & Mola-Yudego, B. (2010, August). blanket Strategy: A response of environmental groups to globalizing forest industry. International Journal of The Commons, 4, 729-757. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.216
Gumilar, P. (2019, May 6). Diskriminasi Uni Eropa Mulai Terasa di Industri Hulu Sawit RI. Retrieved from Bisnis.com: https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20190506/99/919060/diskriminasi-uni-eropa-mulai-terasa-di-industri-hulu-sawit-ri
Harahap, M. Y. (2012). Hukum Acara Perdata. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Hong, K. K. (2018, July 4). Wilmar International. Retrieved Januari 22, 2020, from Letter from Kuok Khoon Hong to KikiTaufik, Green Southest Asia: http://www.Wilmar-international.com/sustainabili¬ty/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/WIL-let¬ter-dtd-04-July-2018-to-Greenpeace.pdf
Kabar Energi. (2018, July 5). Perusahaan Minyak Sawit Raksasa Wilmar Tersangkut Skandal Perusakan Hutan. Retrieved May 2019, 5, from Kabar Energi: https://kabar-energi.com/2018/07/05/perusahaan-minyak-sawit-raksasa-wilmar-tersangkut-skandal-perusakan-hutan/
Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. New York: Cornell University.
Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1999). Transnational Advocacy Network in Internasional Relations and Regional Politics. Oxford: Blackwell Publisher. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00179
Koplitz SN, e. a. (2016). Public Health Impacts of The Severe Haze In Equatorial Asia in September-October 2015: Demonstration of A Framework for Informing Fire Management Strategies to Reduce Downwind Smoke Exposure. Environmental Research 11(9). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094023
Mansell, R., & Wehn, U. (1998). Knowledge Societies: Information Technology for Sustainable Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mate, J. (2001). Making a Difference: A Case Study of the Greenpeace Ozone Campaign . Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, 190-198. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9388.00275
Mondelez. (2014, June). Mondelez International Palm Action Plan. Retrieved June 21, 2019, from Mondelez International: https://www.mondelezinternational.com/~/media/MondelezCorporate/uploads/downloads/Palm_Oil_Action_Plan.pdf
O'Rourke, D. (2005). Market Movements: NGO Strategies to Influence Global Production and Consumption. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 9 (1-2), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.1162/1088198054084608
Pink, B. (2019, July 31). Tangkal Serangan Uni Eropa Terhadap Sawit, Pemerintah Perkuat ISPO. Retrieved from Kontan.co.id: https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/tangkal-serangan-uni-eropa-terhadap-sawit-pemerintah-perkuat-ispo?page=all
Redaksi Warta Ekonomi Online, W. E. (2019, August 4). Kebijakan RED II Uni Eropa Jadi Perhatian Pemerintah Terhadap Industri Sawit. Retrieved from Wartaekonomi.co.id: https://www.wartaekonomi.co.id/read239340/kebijakan-red-ii-uni-eropa-jadi-perhatian-pemerintah-terhadap-industri-sawit.html
Reily, M. (2018, November 21). Pengusaha Sawit Sebut Greenpeace Ganggu Kedaulatan Indonesia. Retrieved June 18, 2019, from Kata Data: https://katadata.co.id/berita/2018/11/21/pengusaha-sawit-sebut-greenpeace-ganggu-kedaulatan-indonesia
Rootes, C. (2013). From Local Conflict to National Issue: When and How Environmental Campaigns Succeed in Transcending The Local. Environmental Politics, 22:1, 95-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2013.755791
Safitri, K. (2018, November 20). Wilmar Menyebut Greenpeace Hanya Ingin Minta Peta Konsesi dan Peta Pasokan. Retrieved January 5, 2019, from Kontan: https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/wilmar-menyebut-greenpeace-hanya-ingin-minta-peta-konsesi-dan-peta-pasokan
Situmorang, A. (2013). Dinamika Protes Kolektif Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia (1968-2011). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Sugiyono. (2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suhendra, Z. (2019, April 24). Jutaan Pekerja Industri Sawit Terancam Kebijakan Uni Eropa. Retrieved from Detik.com: https://finance.detik.com/industri/d-4523488/jutaan-pekerja-industri-sawit-terancam-kebijakan-uni-eropa
Susanto, V. Y. (2019, March 14). Harga CPO Ambles 1,39% Akibat Keputusan Uni Eropa . Retrieved from Kontan.co.id: https://investasi.kontan.co.id/news/harga-cpo-ambles-139-akibat-keputusan-uni-eropa
Talocchi, J. (2014, April 8). Consumer power! Procter & Gamble commits to forest-friendly palm oil. Retrieved June 21, 2019, from Greenpeace USA: https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/consumer-power-procter-gamble-decides-wash-bad-palm-oil-away/
Titiyoga, G. W. (2015, Maret 5). Indonesia Peringkat 6 Penyumbang Karbon Dunia. Retrieved December 4, 2018, from Tempo.co: https://tekno.tempo.co/read/647425/indonesia-peringkat-6-penyumbang-karbon-dunia/full&view=ok
Union of Concerned Scientists, S. f. (2014, March 24). General Mills Commits to Deforestation-Free Palm Oil. Retrieved June 21, 2019, from Union of Concerned Scientists, Science for a Healthy Planet and Safer World: https://www.ucsusa.org/news/commentary/general-mills-deforestation-free-palm-oil-0404.html
Wihardandi, A. (2013, June 26). Perusahaan Kelapa Sawit Yang Diduga Terlibat Pembakaran Hutan Alami Penurunan Harga Saham. Retrieved May 6, 2019, from Mongabay: https://www.mongabay.co.id/2013/06/26/perusahaan-kelapa-sawit-yang-diduga-terlibat-pembakaran-hutan-alami-penurunan-harga-saham/
Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Arief Virgy, Yusa Djuyandi, Wawan Budi Darmawan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Atribusi-Non Commercial-Share Alike (CC BY-NC-SA).
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Every publication (printed/electronic) are open access for educational purposes, research, and library. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.