Dampak Strategi Offshore Outsourcing Dalam Bisnis Fast Fashion Terhadap Degradasi Lingkungan di Bangladesh

Trisha Caicartica Lovinta Nugraha; M. Chairil Akbar Setiawan; Sindy Yulia Putri

doi:10.33019/jpi.v5i1.132

Trisha Caicartica Lovinta Nugraha Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
M. Chairil Akbar Setiawan Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
Sindy Yulia Putri Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33019/jpi.v5i1.132

Abstract

Because it’s massive influence to the consumer around the world, fast fashion is probably a very familiar term that most of us have heard. Despite it’s fame, though, fast fashion is also well known as a business model that posess a very complicated supply chain. Due that complex supply chain process, they are also caught up in non ethical practices towards it’s workers as well as the environment. Sadly, as one of the biggest producing fast fashion countries in the world, Bangladesh doesn't seem to mind about the destructive nature of fast fashion and turn a blind eye towards its effect. Therefore, this research was aimed to provide an explanation of how offshore outsourcing dynamics in fast fashion supply chain causing decline to Bangladesh’s environmental quality through ready made garment sector and how the government involved in the case under neoliberal influence using qualitative methods and study case approach. As a result, researcher found that offshore outsourcing strategy in fast fashion business caused a numerous effect on environment such as water contamination, air pollution, and waste buildup on the ground.

Keywords: Fast Fashion, Neoliberal, Non Ethical, Offshore Outsourcing

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Trisha Caicartica Lovinta Nugraha, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

Student of International Relations Study Program of Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. Currently the author is completing his final project.

M. Chairil Akbar Setiawan, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

completed his Master's degree (S2) in International Relations, at Gadjah Mada University in 2015. Currently, the author is a lecturer at the Department of International Relations, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta.

Sindy Yulia Putri, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

completed his Master's degree (S2) in International Relations, at the University of Indonesia in 2016. Currently, the author is a lecturer at the Department of International Relations, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta.

References

Balchin, N., & Calabrese, L. (2019). Comparative Country Study of the Development of Textile and Garment Sectors Lessons for Tanzania. ODI: Think Change. https://odi.org/en/publications/comparative-country-study-of-the-development-of-textile-and-garment-sectors-lessons-for-tanzania/

Baral, L. M. (2010). Comparative Study of Compliant & Non-Compliant RMG Factories in Bangladesh. International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Comparative-Study-of-Compliant-%26-Non-Compliant-RMG-Baral/778b1b73d876fbb00e837047eada22ede5a00c71#related-papers

Barthes, R., Ward, M., & Howard, R. (1983). The Fashion System. California: University of California Press.

Bhuiya, H. M. (2017). Upcycling The Garment Solid Waste In Bangladesh. Estonia: Tallinn University of Technology.

Bick, R., Halsey, E., & Ekenga, C. C. (2018). The global environmental injustice of fast fashion. Environmental Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-018-0433-7

Bogdan, R., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Bottani, E., Volpi, A., Rizzi, A., Montanari, R., & Bertolini, M. (2014). The role of radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies in improving distribution and retail operations in the fashion supply chain. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 13–41). https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098115.13

Brik, M., Schoeberl, P., Chamam, B., Braun, R., & Fuchs, W. (2006). Advanced Treatment of Textile Wastewater Towards Reuse Using a Membrane Bioreactor. Process Biochemistry, 41(8), 1751–1757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2006.03.019

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. New York: SAGE Publication.

Denzin, N. K., & Licoln, Y. S. (2018). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. New York: SAGE Publication.

Eckersley, R. (2013). International Relations Theories (T. Dunne, M. Kurki, & S. Smith, Eds.; 3rd ed.). London: Oxford University Press.

Flintz, D. (Producer), & Pützstück, S. (2020). The Clothes We Wear. DW. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-64wZkdPRew

Ganguly, M., & Human Rights Watch (Organization). (2015). “Whoever Raises their Head Suffers the Most” In Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/04/22/whoever-raises-their-head-suffers-most/workers-rights-bangladeshs-garment

Haider, M. Z. (2007). Textile and Garment Industry of Bangladesh: An Overview. In Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Review (Vol. 3, Issue 1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326929287

Hossain, A., & Hossain, I. (2020). The Environmental Impacts of Textile Dyeing Industries in Bangladesh. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 5(2), 113–116. http://irjaes.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IRJAES-V5N2P97Y20.pdf

Hossain, L., Sarker, S., & Khan, M. S. (2018). Evaluation of present and future wastewater impacts of textile dyeing industries in Bangladesh. Environmental Development, 26, 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2018.03.005

IQAir. (2021). Air Pollution in Bangladesh. IQAir. https://www.iqair.com/bangladesh

Kamieniecki, S. (2006). Corporate America and Environmental Policy: How Often Does Business Get Its Way?. Standford: Stanford University Press.

Khan, M. A., Brymer, K., & Koch, K. (2020). The production of garments and textiles in Bangladesh: trade unions, international managers and the health and safety of workers. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 7(2), 276–292. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093720944270

Khurana, K., & Muthu, S. S. (2021). Are low- and middle-income countries profiting from fast fashion?. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 26(2), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-12-2020-0260

Mashoven, S., Smeets, A., Malarciuc, C., Tenhunen, A., & Mortensen, L. F. (2022). Microplastic Pollution From Textile Consumption in Europe. In European Environment Agency. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/microplastics-from-textiles-towards-a#:~:text=About%208%25%20of%20European%20microplastics,global%20marine%20environment%20each%20year.

Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., & Randers, J. (2004). Limits to Growth : The 30-Year Update. London: Chelsea Green Publishing.

Narasimhan, R., & Das, A. (1999). An empirical investigation of the contribution of strategic sourcing to manufacturing flexibilities and performance. Decision Sciences, 30(3), 683–718. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1999.tb00903.x

Ndubisi, N.O. and Nygaard, A. (2018), The ethics of outsourcing: when companies fail at responsibility, Journal of Business Strategy, 39 (5), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-03-2018-0037

New Age Bangladesh. (2022). Buyers Not Paying Premium Prices But Taking Credit For Sourcing From Green Factories: Experts. In New Age Bangladesh. https://www.newagebd.net/article/161412/buyers-not-paying-premium-prices-but-taking-credit-for-sourcing-from-green-factories-experts

Paterson, M. (2005). Green Politics. In Theories of International Relations (pp. 235–258). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Perkins, S. (2013, July 2). Clothing and textiles in the industrial Revolution. blankstyle.com. https://www.blankstyle.com/articles/clothing-and-textiles-industrial-revolution

Rafferty, J. P. (2017, September 30). The rise of the Machines: Pros and Cons of the Industrial Revolution. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/story/the-rise-of-the-machines-pros-and-cons-of-the-industrial-revolution

Raihan, S., Bidisha, S. H., Afroze, A., Rahman, M. M., Hossen, Z., Ahmad, M., & Ahmad, M. (2017). Improving Working Conditions in the RMG Sector Phase-II: Baseline Study Report. https://www.ilo.org/dhaka/Whatwedo/Publications/WCMS_735614/lang--en/index.htm

Remy, N., Speelman, E., & Swartz, S. (2016). Style That’s Sustainable: A New Fast-Fashion Formula. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/style-thats-sustainable-a-new-fast-fashion-formula

Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. W. (2013). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (4th ed.). London: Routledge.

Sakib, S. M. N. (2021). Dhaka Becomes Unlivable As Industrial Pollution Kills River. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/dhaka-becomes-unlivable-as-industrial-pollution-kills-rivers/2407165

Sarker, A. E. (2003). The Illusion of Decentralization: Evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 16(7), 523–548. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/09513550310500391/full/html

Sarwar, M. G. (2021). Making a Case for Environmental Rule of Law in Bangladesh. The Daily Star. https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/news/making-case-environmental-rule-law-bangladesh-2106989

Sohani, N. Z., Chaklader, M. A., Faruquee, M. H., Bashar, M. A., Yasmin, R., & Yasmin, N. (2011). Pattern of Workplace Violence Against Female Garment Workers in Selected Areas of Dhaka City. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233883183_PATTERN_OF_WORKPLACE_VIOLENCE_AGAINST_FEMALE_GARMENT_WORKERS_IN_SELECTED_AREAS_OF_DHAKA_CITY#:~:text=By%20patterns%20of%20workplace%20violence,were%20victims%20of%20sexual%20harassment.

Speed, A. G. (2019). Impact of fast fashion and international law on workers and the environment [MA Thesis]. Oklahoma State University. https://hdl.handle.net/11244/329906

Statista. (2019). Per Capita Production of Textile Fibers Worldwide From 1975 to 2020, with a Forecast For 2025 and 2030. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1260339/global-textile-fiber-production-per-capita/#:~:text=Textile%20fiber%20production%20per%20capita%20worldwide%201975%2D2030&text=In%201975%2C%20the%20global%20production,kilograms%20per%20capita%20by%202030.

Thomas, D. (2019). Fashionopolis: The Price of Fast fashion—and the Future of Clothes. New York: Penguin Press.

Thomas, P. W. (2023). What is Fashion? Fashion Theories. In Fashion Era Website. www.fashion-era.com/sociology_semiotics.htm.

Uddin, M., Tushar, S. I., & Sakib, S. (2020). Producing Sanitary Pads from Knitwear Waste in Bangladesh. Materials Circular Economy, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42824-020-00008-w

Yardley, J. (2013). Bangladesh Pollution, Told in Colors and Smells. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/15/world/asia/bangladesh-pollution-told-in-colors-and-smells.html

Yunus, M. and Yamagata, T. (2012) The Garment Industry in Bangladesh. In: Fukunishi, T., Ed., Dynamics of the Garment Industry in Low Income Countries: Experience of Asia and Africa, Interim Report, ChousakenKyu, Huokokusho, IDE-JETRO, Chapter 6.

Zohir, S. C. (2001). Social Impact of the Growth of Garment Industry in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Development Studies, 27 (4), 41-80. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40795642

Impact of Offshore Outsourcing Strategy in Fast Fashion Business on Environmental Degradation in Bangladesh