The Dynamics of the Internet, Social Media, and Politics in the Contemporary Era: A Review of State-Society Relations
Dinamika Internet, Media Sosial, dan Politik di Era Kontemporer: Tinjauan Relasi Negara-Masyarakat
Abstract
The contemporary era in electoral democracy shows political battles that are very competitive, hard, and involve various issues as a tool to gain power. Candidates participating in general elections, be it legislative, presidential or regional head elections, cannot rely solely on conventional political communication channels. This condition calls for a study that explains the internet, social media, and politics as an integral part of contemporary social reality. The purpose of this research is to examine the dynamics of the internet, social media, and politics in the contemporary era in society as an important part of the development of a nation's civilization. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study based on the findings of previous research, then constructs it to get an explanation of contemporary realities regarding the internet, social media, and politics. The results of the study show that actors in contemporary political activities need to adopt a new media approach with all of its characteristics, which enable more intensive interaction. Candidates must also realize that new media has weak sides which are not always beneficial in the process of forming their image in the public sphere. New media is the third generation in political communication, where anyone can be a producer and consumer of information. Patterns of interaction that are reciprocal and personal, although often artificial, are a challenge for candidates in positioning themselves in the midst of various and fast information. Cyber democracy, which facilitates personal and public identities, often undergoes complex role shifts.
Downloads
References
Anshari, F. (2013). Komunikasi politik di era media sosial. Jurnal komunikasi, 8(1), 91-101. https://journal.uii.ac.id/jurnal-komunikasi/article/view/6469
Armstrong, A. (2014, August 1). The real value of On-Line communities. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/1996/05/the-real-value-of-on-line-communities
Badaruddin, S., Basri, N. F., & Wahyuni, S. (2020). Penanganan Unjuk Rasa Dikaji Dalam Sudut Pandang Yuridis. QISTHOSIA: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, 1(2), 130–144. https://doi.org/10.46870/jhki.v1i2.114
Bennett, W. L., & Iyengar, S. (2008). A new era of minimal effects? the changing foundations of political communication. Journal of Communication, 58(4), 707–731. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x
Berry, F. S., Brower, R. S., Choi, S., Goa, W. X., Jang, H., Kwon, M., & Word, J. (2004). Three Traditions of Network Research: What the Public Management Research Agenda Can Learn from Other Research Communities. Public Administration Review, 64(5), 539–552. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2004.00402.x
Bohman, J. (2004). Expanding dialogue: the internet, the public sphere and prospects for transnational democracy. The Sociological Review, 52(1_suppl), 131–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2004.00477.x
Bolter, J. D., & Grusin, R. (2000). Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge: Mit Press. https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.5555/298574
DeVito, J. A., (2007). The interpersonal Communication Book. Boston: Pearson. https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/preface/0/1/3/4/013462310X.pdf
Dwiyanti, D. A., Nurani, I., Alfarizi, M. N., & Hubbah, R. D. (2023). Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Partisipasi Politik Warga Negara: Dampak Positif dan Negatif. Advanced In Social Humanities Research, 1(4), 298-306. https://www.adshr.org/index.php/vo/article/view/34
Geiger, R. S. (2009). Does Habermas understand the internet? The algorithmic construction of the blogo/public sphere. Gnovis. A Journal of Communication, Culture, and Technology, 10(1), 1-29. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2734947
Gyimóthy, S. (2013), "Symbolic Convergence and Tourism Social Media", Tourism Social Media: Transformations in Identity, Community and Culture (Tourism Social Science Series, Vol. 18), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 55-71. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-5043(2013)0000018006
Hadiyat, Y. (2014). Kesenjangan Digital di Indonesia (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Wakatobi). Jurnal Pekommas, 17(2), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.30818/jpkm.2014.1170203
Heryanto, G. G. (2018). Media Komunikasi Politik. Bantul: IRCiSoD.
Holbert, R. L. (2006). Comparing political communication: Theories, cases, and challenges. Journal of Communication, 56(2), 427–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00027.x
Imrovič, M., Lukáč, M., & Jankoľa, M. (2018). Blog Marketing as a Positive or Negative Phenomenon in Political Communication?. Slovak Journal of Political Sciences, 18(2). https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Blog-Marketing-as-a-Positive-or-Negative-Phenomenon-Imrovi%C4%8D-Luk%C3%A1%C4%8D/d7027c4d6882dccdda5e584a2c0966651fef461f
Jatmiko, M. I. (2019). Post-Truth, Media Sosial, Dan Misinformasi: Pergolakan Wacana Politik Pemilihan Presiden Indonesia Tahun 2019. Jurnal Dakwah Tabligh. https://doi.org/10.24252/jdt.v20i1.9529
Juditha, C. (2018). Interaksi komunikasi hoax di media sosial serta antisipasinya. Jurnal Pekommas, 3(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.30818/jpkm.2018.2030104
Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., & Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business horizons, 54(3), 241-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.005
Kodiyat M., B. A. K. (2018). Etika Dalam Menyampaikan Pendapat Di Media Sosial Dalam Persfektif Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara. Edutech: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.30596/edutech.v4i2.2271
Kristiyono, J. (2015). Budaya Internet: Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Dalam Mendukung Penggunaan Media di Masyarakat. Scriptura, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.9744/scriptura.5.1.23-30
Li, W., & Zhu, H. (2013). Translanguaging identities and ideologies: Creating transnational space through flexible multilingual practices amongst Chinese university students in the UK. Applied linguistics, 34(5), 516-535. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amt022
Lily, A. E. A., Ismail, A., Abunasser, F. M., & Alqahtani, R. H. A. (2020). Distance education as a response to pandemics: Coronavirus and Arab culture. Technology in society, 63, 101317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101317
Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddings, S., Grant, I., & Kelly, K. (2009). New media: A critical introduction. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis.
Moleong, L. J. (2016). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Edisi Revisi (Revisi). Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya
Morris, T. & Goldsworthy, S. (2008). PR-A Persuasive Industry? : Spin, Public Relations, and The Shaping of Modern Media. New York, NY : Palgrave Macmillan
O’Hara, K., & Stevens, D. A. (2015). Echo Chambers and Online Radicalism: Assessing the internet’s complicity in violent extremism. Policy & Internet, 7(4), 401–422. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.88
Parhan, M., & Alifa, S. (2020). Analisis Metode Baru Dakwah Hanan Attaki di Era Konvergensi Media. Komunida: Media Komunikasi Dan Dakwah, 10(02), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.35905/komunida.v7i2
Pavlik, J. V. (1996). New Media Technology: Cultural and Commercial Perspectives (Part of the Allyn & Bacon Series in Mass Communication). Columbia: Columbia University
Porter, D. (1997). Internet Culture. New York: Routledge
Premkumar, G., & Roberts, M. F. (1999). Adoption of new information technologies in rural small businesses. Omega, 27(4), 467–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0483(98)00071-1
Ramdhani, H. (2022). The Citizenship Paradigm Debate in Dual Citizenship Discourses in Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Praja: Journal of Home Affairs Governance, 14(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.43-53
Sampurno, M. D. I. B., Kusumandyoko, T. C., & Islam, M. A. (2020). Budaya Media Sosial, Edukasi Masyarakat, dan Pandemi COVID-19. Salam, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i5.15210
Sen, K. & Hill, D. T. (2005). Media, Culture and Politics in Indonesia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press
Shedletsky, L., & Aitken, J. E. (2004). Human communication on the Internet. Bostong: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
Susanto, E. H. (2017). Media Sosial Sebagai Pendukung Jaringan Komunikasi Politik. Jurnal Aspikom, 3(3), 379-398. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v3i3.123
Tedesco, J. C. (2004). “Changing The Channel: Use of the Internet for Communicating about Politics”. In Lee Kaid, Lynda (ed.). Handbook of Political Communication Research. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers
Wood, A. F.& Smith, M. J. (2005). Online Communication Linking Technology, Identity, & Culture. London: Taylor & Francis Group
Wright, Donald. K & Michelle D. Hinson. (2009). An Analysis of the Increasing Impact of Social and Other New Media on Public Relations Practice. A Paper Presented to 12th Annual International Public Relations Conference, Miami-Florida
Copyright (c) 2023 Faisal Fadilla Noorikhsan, Hilal Ramdhani, Budi Chrismanto Sirait, Nisa Khoerunisa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Atribusi-Non Commercial-Share Alike (CC BY-NC-SA).
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Every publication (printed/electronic) are open access for educational purposes, research, and library. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
